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Very Hot Topic (More than 25 Replies) Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph (Read 323671 times)
Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box Thatoneguy67
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #165 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 8:00am
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All this fancy talk doesn't negate the fact that for it's primary purpose,  polygraph is crap. Hell, even for secondary purposes.
  
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Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box Dan Mangan
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #166 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 1:26pm
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Ex Member wrote on Jan 13th, 2016 at 5:48am:
Quote:
looking at the data visually to reach a form of expert clinical conclusion ) vs. actual probabilistic computations based on structured algorithmic procedures for which the results are more likely to be replicable.

Thought provoking idea Raymond. I know that probability is used also in attempting to determine the quality of digital communication systems, not to mention in quantum mechanics--the shape of the orbitals indicate the probability of the electron being in that area of the orbit at anytime. However, the average polygraph examiner may not have the aptitude or background to grasp discriminant analysis, Bayes Theorem or probability density functions. Future training may require additional prowess.


Ark, your use of the word "prowess" is most appropriate.

APA president Walt Goodson, in a speech to APA members at that organization's national convention, claimed that a polygraph operator's swagger, confidence and command presence are more important than their academic credentials.

That should tell us all something about the alleged science behind polygraph.  Learn more about Goodson's comments here: https://antipolygraph.org/cgi-bin/forums/YaBB.pl?num=1445560814/0#0

As for APA chairman Ray Nelson's gobbledygook, it smacks of "tooth fairy science" -- http://ethicalnag.org/2009/10/26/tooth-fairy-science/ ; But if the shoe fits...

Clearly, the polygraph indu$try continually struggles to affix an imprimatur of scientific legitimacy to the "test," but no progress has been made in that regard -- just as NAS predicted in 2002.

Regarding much of the pro-polygraph propaganda found in scientific journals, a key cadre of current researchers who gin up this self-serving tripe have a public connection (past or present) to polygraph instrument manufacturers. Coincidence?

Back to the original thread... 

Conveniently, APA Chairman Nelson failed to comment on the "racket" aspects of PCSOT. 

No surprise there. 

Polygraph victimization is something that indu$try bigs prefer to ignore.
  
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Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box Raymond Nelson
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #167 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 1:37pm
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Let’s not kid ourselves. The average researcher or data analyst does not “roll-their-own" math or write the code for data analysis. 

Most use computerized tools like SAS, STATA, SATA, SPSS, Excell, and these days a lot of R, and Python. These tools have built in functions and published libraries that do the esoteric stuff. Many of these libraries are build on known or existing libraries of coded solutions that can be ported or imported or recoded for a new implementation.

Behind those tools are the people that actually write the computational formulae and code to implement those algorithms - whether Bayesian, frequentist or MLE or AI.

Behind those practical implementations are the mathematicians and statisticians who work out the core problems at a more abstracted level.

And behind those mathematicians and statisticians are the philosophers who shape the way we thing about fundamental things such as what is is reality, what is knowledge, what does it mean to say we know something about reality, and what kinds of things can be known and even what exists and how can it exist, what caused it to exist, and if it exists where did the stuff come from to make it exists, and so on.

And behind those philosophers is sometimes a form of raw imaginative creativity that tells us that it might be possible someday to have a phone that includes live pictures - or other technological innovation that seemed at one time to be only science fiction.

http://www.blastr.com/sites/blastr/files/styles/media_gallery_image/public/video...

But if people were expected to “roll-their-own” math and code for data analysis we would still see people doing a lot of Chi-squared analysis and a lot of Mann-Whitney U tests - which is what we saw in scientific publications prior to the widespread availability of computers and mathematical code libraries for analysis. This is because the math for these non-parametric solutions was simple enough that reasonably intelligent people can tolerate doing it manually - and because they actually work somewhat well for the problems people were working on the time.

But now that we have a lot of existing tools and libraries that can be, and have been, built into tools for the convenient practical application of our advancing knowledge - its a shame not to use them. 

Practitioners are often educated at the level of introduction to the concepts embedded in their tools and methods, so that they have some fundamental knowledge of the principles and why some procedures are needed to ensure that usable and interpretable data can be obtained for meaningful analysis. 

But scientific testing and data analysis today are a far cry from old-school eyeball analysis, and swaggering “trust-me-I’m-an-expert” type confidence.

Practicioners in many field can be, and are, trained and educated to understand and use tools, technology and methods that rely on some rather sophisticated analytic models. 

.02

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Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box Raymond Nelson
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #168 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 1:45pm
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Dan Mangan wrote on Jan 12th, 2016 at 10:09pm:
Ray, did the APA "pretend" when they claimed 98.6% accuracy for fifteen (15) years?


Dan,

I realize that you are going to frame everything in the most dramatic and concrete manner that suits your marketing objectives for your consulting bid’ness. But let’s assume, for the sake of attempted intelligent discussion, that we cannot actually read anyone’s mind. 

And so we need to be aware that we are using the word “pretend" in a somewhat loose manner. But let’s clarify with some additional questions.

What might the APA’s historical publication of a ~98% accuracy rate indicate about the beliefs, attitudes or  or mental processes at the time? Similarly, what might your publication of ~100% accuracy (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938408000747) indicate?   

Did they - or did you - expect these estimates to concur with reality as we continue to study and observe it? If they did - if you did - expect these estimates to be observable in reality, is that pretending? Or is that merely an incorrect belief system? Does this really make a difference?

More importantly, did they know or suspect - did you know or suspect - that the ~98% and ~100% accuracy estimates are not likely to be observed in reality, and then proceed to publish them anyway? Or, was the level of scientific knowledge and education such that  - when coupled with a professional character of basically decent persons who are trained and selected in part for an ability to learn and follow rules and procedures without doubting or questioning, and to understand and believe that they are doing the correct thing and will be successful as long as they work within the rules, and to posture confidence - was there simply an uncritical acceptance and sense of desired comfort with the observed estimates? 

In your case, as the author of Mangan et al 2008 “field study on validity…” - for whom we should be able to expect your capability to engage in critical thinking and scrutiny before publishing (to paraphrase the likes of Carl Sagan, Simone Pierre Laplace and Marcello Truzzi) what appear to be extraordinary claims (~100% accuracy and immunity to countermeasures) that seem to require extraordinary evidence -  was it simply another example of uncritical acceptance and enthusiasm coupled with personal confidence? Was it an issue of scientific competence? Or was it pretending? When faced with scrutiny, (Similarly, when faced with scrutiny (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938408001959) what does your reassertion (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938408001935) signify about your committed belief system? What does it signify about your scientific competence? What does it signify about pretending? 

More importantly today, having noticed that other scientific estimates of polygraph accuracy tend to converge at probabilistic estimate that are something less than ~100% and ~98%, what should be done about that? Should the APA facilitate the publication and dissemination of different accuracy estimates that are more likely to be observed in reality and more likely to be reconcilable with other evidence https://apoa.memberclicks.net/assets/docs/polygraph_404.pdf ? Or should the APA facilitate the publication of attempts to understand the issues and evidence and trends in polygraph accuracy research https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275956904_A_Brief_History_of_Scientic_R... ?

So whereas the APA - having support the continued study and development of our knowledge of polygraph accuracy, and having noticed the discrepancy between reality and attempts to estimate or assert polygraph accuracy as infallible (~100%) or even nearly infallible (~98%), and having also observed evidence that seems to concur more with other more conservative estimates of polygraph accuracy - has taken action to increase the availability of information and training in areas of science, testing, probability, prediction, classification and inference that can be applied to the polygraph, and has taken action to correct the published record of information that is available for others to  try to understand the polygraph in terms of reality - what have you done to correct your publication record and the problem that your published estimates of ~100% accuracy are simply not realistic (i.e. not going to be observed in the real universe)? 

What should a conscientious scientific critical thinker do - especially one who seeks payment for services intended to benefit individuals and communities who seek to make more intelligent use of information and results from a polygraph test - when one has now realized that one has published “scientific” results that cannot be reconciled with other evidence or with reality?

What kind of corrective action can be taken? 

Does it help or correct anything to criticize others for an unrealistic accuracy estimate when one has published an even more unrealistic accuracy estimate?

Or should one simply claim that the published information is still somehow informative?

In the absence of any attempt to correct the published record of information available, should one still claim to have some useful credible message to sell? 

Is that pretending? 

.02

rn
  
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Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box Dan Mangan
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #169 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 2:13pm
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Readers, speaking of pretending, note that APA chairman Ray Nelson was written not a word about polygraph victimization, PCSOT abuses, or APA president Walt Goodson's claim that swagger, confidence and command presence are what really count in the polygraph suite.

  
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Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box Raymond Nelson
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #170 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 2:30pm
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Dan 

Actually I did address the resurrected topic from 1-11-2016 regarding the need for retesting.

Where you saw an instant marketing opportunity ( possible client looking to purchase the kind of aggression, drama and hyperbole that you sell ), I saw a need for discussion about some core issues:

- realistic expectations about polygraph accuracy
- awareness of the role of probability cutscores in errors and the potential for observing different results
- a more general awareness of the role of probability theory when use the results from a non-deterministic tests
- replicable analytic results vs the potential for subjective experteeism
- quality control
- etc

I also offered my concern that you misrepresent a certificate of training as "APA certified."

Peace,

Rn

  
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Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box MagicSteve
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #171 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 2:43pm
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Dan Mangan wrote on Jan 13th, 2016 at 1:26pm:
[quote author=65564F4C454A434148574F240 link=1006910562/164#164 date=1452664090]
Conveniently, APA Chairman Nelson failed to comment on the "racket" aspects of PCSOT. 

No surprise there. 

Polygraph victimization is something that indu$try bigs prefer to ignore.


Mr.Nelson, I would really like you to speak on this issue, as well. 

Swagger and command, Dan? Why, of course!  Without such theatrics, an examiner doesn't stand a chance. If the truth were common knowledge, polygraph examiners would be out of jobs rather quickly.
  
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #172 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 3:18pm
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Quote:


</snip>

Mr.Nelson, I would really like you to speak on this issue, as well. 

Swagger and command, Dan? Why, of course!  Without such theatrics, an examiner doesn't stand a chance. If the truth were common knowledge, polygraph examiners would be out of jobs rather quickly.


MagicSteve,

There is quite a lot about the polygraph that is common knowledge. And if not common knowledge it is a least available knowledge. You can also find old-school swagger and theatrics of the type that Dan and some others sell. 

Sometimes, when we want to understand something it is useful to to it unemotionally. 

Here what you have done is to applaud and reinforce Dan's theatrics, and once again level simplistic and judgmental insults against others while asking for additional discussion. 

I would hope that you, as a licensed professional (assuming for the moment that you are not a convicted sex offender), can understand the disruptive impact that has on any real communication or discussion. 

Feel free to contact me. 

rn
  
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Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box Dan Mangan
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #173 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 3:44pm
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MagicSteve, bear in mind that the American Polygraph Association steadfastly clung to its pipe-dream claim that polygraph is 98.6% accurate for ten years after the National Research Council cautiously posited that polygraph accuracy was at best significantly above chance but well below perfection.

Of course, the NRC researchers further warned that the indu$try insider-supplied polygraph studies -- upon which the research panel drew their conclusions -- basically sucked, and that no precise level of accuracy should be gleaned from the report.

The scientific, legal and medical communities are overwhelmingly in agreement: polygraph is pseudoscience.

Don't believe otherwise.

« Last Edit: Jan 13th, 2016 at 4:33pm by Dan Mangan »  
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #174 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 4:47pm
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Dan Mangan wrote on Jan 13th, 2016 at 3:44pm:
MagicSteve, bear in mind that the American Polygraph Association steadfastly clung to its pipe-dream claim that polygraph is 98.6% accurate for ten years after the National Research Council cautiously posited that polygraph accuracy was at best significantly above chance but well below perfection.

Of course, the NRC researchers further warned that the indu$try insider-supplied polygraph studies -- upon which the research panel drew their conclusions -- basically sucked, and that no precise level of accuracy should be gleaned from the report.

The scientific, legal and medical communities are largely in agreement: polygraph is pseudoscience.

Don't believe otherwise.



I cannot believe that a group of grown men and women can hold on so dearly  to a belief that doesn't pass muster in any way, shape or form. It is almost unreal, in a way. 

There is nothing valid about a 'test' that can easily be defeated by the 'test'-taker being informed and simply not believing in its validity. Think about that for a second. If science (which the polygraph claims to be based on) worked this way, we'd all be doomed.  If I chose not to believe in gravity, would I float away? Of course not! Gravity can be measured and the results accurately replicated. Considering the wide, wide plethora of human response to pretty much any stimuli - including the same individual and the same stimuli at various times - how could one even propose that they could accurately assess deception in any individual by claiming that the 'deception' response is the same or similar in all individuals? By the same token, how do you measure something that science cannot even proves exists?

Hogwash. Plain-speak, Mr. APA. Quit putting lipstick on a pig.

  
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #175 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 5:21pm
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MagicSteve, just follow the money. It explains everything about polygraph.



  
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #176 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 6:07pm
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MagicSteve,

(Still trying to assume you are a licensed professional and not a convicted sex offender).

You came here asking a question or seeking information, and you just offered up a bunch of straw-man arguments and insults that seem to have the effect of quashing and avoiding the discussion.

While we all know there is no such thing as a perfect test of any kind - because all tests and all test results are probabilistic solutions when we can achieve neither perfect deterministic solutions nor physical/linear measurement - there does not seem to be an convincing evidence to support your assertion that the polygraph can be easily defeated or that merely not believing in it makes all that much (if any) difference.

The NRC commented on this if you want an academic source from outside the polygraph profession. What they said was that claims that it is "easy" to defeat require scientific evidence, yet they were aware of none at the time. In fact they summarized the literature as contraindicating attempts to help oneself if one is truthful because of the increased likelihood of being classified as deceptive. 

But yes there are some interesting, and fun, differences in human reactions to the same stimuli. But there are also more similarities than differences - and people tend to treat each other nicer and engage in less social and interpersonal violence when they remember this. 

The overall balance of similarities and differences among people such that a lot about social and behavioral science is all about studying these things. Scientific tests, for example, tend to be built around things are going to be similar for most people most of time, and sometimes also make use of things that we can identify as more likely to be different in ways that are similarly predictable (though still noisy). 

Data from humans are noisy. We know that. Otherwise, tests like the well-known MMPI and others would not need so many questions. 

And, as you must undoubtedly be aware (being in a professional in which you offer up professional licensed opinions) many of the risk assessment models in use with sex offenders today also make use of multiple data points because the correlation between the data points and the criterion of risk (for some future event or type of behavior) may be statistically significant but is also noisy. Medicine has this same problem, and most diagnosis are made only after observing multiple symptoms. Data are so noisy that diagnostic work is actually difficult. 

Despite the noisy data and individual differences there are still more similarities than differences. People smile when they are happy (mostly) and don’t smile when they are not (mostly). People sometimes hide their true feelings, but generally, laughing is a sign of enjoyment and pleasure and fun, and scowling is a sign of displeasure. 

And we have the problem that some of the most interesting things to measure are sometimes quite awfully difficult to actually measure. 

As you your concern about attempting to "measure something that science cannot even prove exists” … I’m going to go out on a limb and speculate that you might be spending too much time inside with criminal offenders and not enough time thinking about science and how science works. According to Popper (among the most important philosophers of science during the 20th century) scientific statements are those that are “falsifiable” or capable of being proved false. This is because the limits of our human knowledge is such that we will probably never know everything, and so all of our knowledge is incomplete. To the extent that our knowledge and ideas are incomplete they are also wrong. Science is about finding out where our ideas are incorrect and then developing new knowledge and new ideas that are simply less incorrect. But we will never know everything and so we are always incomplete and always at least partially incorrect. Science is about learning to be less wrong. To do that, scientific statements need to be falsifiable. 

Now some offenders would prefer to say that because we can prove nothing with certainty it means that nothing is real and therefore nothing matters. And because we cannot know with certainty then we can know nothing. These same offenders also tend to deny not only the facts and circumstances of their offenses but also the impact of their offenses and any related or resulting meaning about what kind of person the are or who they are a social and interpersonal and even existential level. 

In the case of the polygraph and what it actually measures, try this.

https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/60215924/Publications/what_does_the_polygrap...

But I get it. If we take the view there is no “real” difference between deception and truth telling - or the view that it means nothing, does not matter, makes no difference, or that there is no difference between doing something (such as committing a sex offense) and not doing something, then there would be in reality nothing to measure. 

Conversely, if we take the view that behavior matters, because it means something, and because it has an impact on others, and because those others matter (i.e., the individuals have meaning in an existential and ethical sense) - then maybe there is, in reality, a difference between doing something (such as committing a sexual offense) and not doing it. 

And if we choose to work in a licensed profession while holding reality view that behavior matters then we will want to make sure that our own choices and decisions are consistent with reality. 

The boiled-down theory of the polygraph (or any credibility assessment test) is this: recordable changes occur in physiological activity as a function of deception and truth-telling. You can chose to reject the idea, but the evidence seems to agree that some noisy changes do occur and that some imperfect probabilistic inference of deception and truth is achievable.

But if we choose to work in a licensed profession while holding the non-reality view that there exists nothing to measure simply because it cannot be “proved” then maybe it really is all about the money for some.   

.02

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Paste Member Name in Quick Reply Box Dan Mangan
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #177 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 6:33pm
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Ray, that sounds like apologist horseshit to me. Cleverly spun horseshit, perhaps, but apologist horseshit nonetheless.

But let that go.

Tell us, Ray... 

In layman's terms, just how accurate is, say, a standard sexual history PCSOT polygraph "test"?
  
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #178 - Jan 13th, 2016 at 11:11pm
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The boiled-down theory of the polygraph (or any credibility assessment test) is this: recordable changes occur in physiological activity as a function of deception and truth-telling. You can chose to reject the idea, but the evidence seems to agree that some noisy changes do occur and that some imperfect probabilistic inference of deception and truth is achievable.

Notice the highlighted word... theory. That is all that it is. The premise that one can distinguish a 'lie' from the truth using a polygraph has never been established as as fact... ever. As a matter of fact (using science instead of conjecture), we know that no one can distinguish one physiological reaction - fear, guilt, shame, anxiety and whatnot - from another using the combined measures taken during a polygraph exam. That is established fact, not theory.

I find it hilarious that you would offer up a document you wrote in support of your argument. You are not exactly an independent party. Another source to bolster your claim, perhaps?

You are correct on one thing, I'll give you that... risk assessments and what have you are probabilistic. Any psychological test or measure designed to make a determination is less than perfect, but the difference is that statistics and time have borne out the fact that the probability of the results of such efforts are reasonably accurate. I chuckle when those I deal with in my profession (in which I am licensed, as you love to point out) use such phrases as 'the research suggests', or 'studies have shown', but they are correct. Their measuring tools actually measure something that exists, and their results are able to be replicated to a reasonable enough degree of accuracy that psychology uses these tests and measures in a socially, legally, and most importantly scientifically accepted way. 

But, nothing about the science of the polygraph is accepted. Courts don't accept the results, science scoffs at your 'theory' and have disproved it, and society is an unwitting pawn.

And I repeat - you cannot measure something that does not exist. There is no physiological or psychological 'tell' that someone is disseminating. Since there is no difference from one emotional/physiological response to the next, as being measured by a polygraph, how in the world can you, or anyone, purport to be able to measure that difference? The difference does not exist, scientifically. There is no room for probability in that. It either is, or isn't... and in this case, the difference simply does not exist.

I am not the only one to reject your 'idea'. Science rejects it. Having a reaction to a question doesn't mean you lied. Your argument seems to be 'well, it doesn't mean you 'DIDN'T lie, either'. If you cannot make a determination one way or the other at any level above chance, then you are just guessing. You cannot say factually that 'Well, he/she probably lied', because there is no difference to measure, and no results that are able to be replicated.

As for being able to make determinations at rates above chance, polygraph 'experts' use the most illogical means to bolster their claims of statistical significance. Just because you 'test' someone, they have reactions to 'relevant' questions, and then they confess to whatever because of the gestapo tactics used in a post interview, does not mean that their reactions to 'relevant' questions are indicative of dissemination. 'Aha!', the examiner claims, 'I was right... he WAS lying'. Yet again, no means by which to make this determination. You are essentially saying that because there was a reaction, that the person being tested was lying. That is as incorrect of a statement, scientifically, as there can be, because you cannot measure the difference that I alluded to earlier, because that difference does not exist.

Lastly, any 'test' that can be defeated by simply knowing the truth about it is not legitimate. Any 'test' that relies on trickery to be effective is not legitimate. Any 'test' in which the examiner has to elicit an emotional state in the 'test' subject (fear, as in fear of the test itself or it's ability to function as purported) is not valid. Combine all three, and, well... you have, as Dan so eloquently put it, HORSESHIT.




  
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Re: Texas sex offender & mandatory polygraph
Reply #179 - Jan 14th, 2016 at 12:33am
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Magic Steve (the licensed professional who signed on initially as a convicted offender),

You seem to be stuck on the false notion or straw-man argument of "measuring" some form of single physiological tell or extracting some single physiological feature that will be indicative of deception. Let's be clear about the fact that this is not how the test works. 

I get the ad hominem attack, the appeal to authority, the straw man and other logical fallacies in your critique. You've reached your conclusion and want to escalate to cursing (which is fun sometimes) to control the discussion. I'm sure you will find validation and support from like minded persons who read this forum. But there is probably no knowledge gained from the transaction. 

Mostly, you seem to not understand the difference between a measurement and a test. Also, you seem to not understand what a theory is, or the differences between hypotheses, theories and laws of science. 

I get it. You don't seem to want a conversation any more than Dan or others. Or you want to have a conversation with yourself arguing against your straw man. 

Have fun in your licensed professional role in which to offer up licensed professional opinions. 

I hope you are able to have more reasonable and straightforward discussions with your clients and coworkers than you have been able to have here. 

Peace,

rn

  
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