Distrustful's advice is correct. Polygraphs are indeed "tools of convenience." They are often used to conveniently circumvent fair and ethical hiring practices. The examiner can easily manipulate the entire polygraph process, causing to cause a designated individual to “fail.” On the other hand, people with connections (such as your husband) often have their polygraph results discarded, or are given numerous opportunities to “re-test.” Even with Federal Agencies, there is no uniform appeal process for "failed" polygraphs. Those with connections, or "hooks" in police slang, are often allowed to repeat the “test” numerous times until a "pass" is achieved. Those without connections have their letters requesting “re-tests” ignored, or at best receive additional copies of a form letter stating that the agency had “other, more qualified applicants.”
As for your husband's friend, I would advise that he read
The Lie Behind the Lie Detector . You may wish to read it as well. It is available as a free download on this site at:
http://www.antipolygraph.org/pubs.shtml He should certainly request a "re-test" (although there is no certainty that the department will grant it). After already being declared deceptive, he has little to lose. He should also consider using polygraph countermeasures to protect himself from another false positive.
Keep in mind that if he produces a "passing" chart on the “re-test,” it is overwhelmingly likely that the polygrapher will arbitrarily accuse him of using countermeasures.
Before a polygraph, the operator almost always asks the examinee if he/she as been polygraphed before. If so, he often asks about the results, and tries to obtain as much detail about them as possible. This allows him to tune the test to reach the same conclusion as the previous polygrapher, thus preserving the false appearance of validity with this “test.” After all, having a person pass one polygraph and then fail another a few weeks later on the same issues would be a tacit admission that the whole process is a fraud (which it is).
Thus, even if your husband's friend is lucky enough to have a second "test" granted, and he is also lucky enough to get a different polygrapher than the first one who "failed" him, he still faces an uphill battle.
I wish him the best of luck.