A list of some of the most commonly used "control" questions in pre-employment (including law enforcement) polygraph screening is provided in Chapter 3 of The Lie Behind the Lie Detector. In addition, see the "control" questions listed in DoDPI's Law Enforcement Pre-Employment Test examiner's guide and the message thread, LAPD Polygraph Questions Disclosed.

As for how to distinguish "control" questions from relevant ones, I suggest you carefully re-read Chapters 3 & 4 if TLBTLD. I don't know how to explain it any more clearly than we already have.

Irrelevant questions are not "control" questions and one should not augment reactions to them. In fact, one counter-countermeasure used by some polygraphers is to describe the irrelevant questions as "control" questions during the pre-test interview, in the hope of misleading the examinee. If the examinee reacts strongly to the irrelevant questions, countermeasure use is inferred.

As we make clear at p. 150 of the 4th edition of TLBTLD, augmenting one's reaction to the number or card one actually picked during the stim test is advisable if one chooses to employ countermeasures.

As noted at p. 97 of TLBTLD, "comparison" question is another term for "control" question.